Chapter 2. How to Install and Test SAMBA
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## Chapter 2. How to Install and Test SAMBA

### Andrew Tridgell

Samba Team

`<tridge@samba.org>`

### Jelmer R. Vernooij

The Samba Team

`<jelmer@samba.org>`

### John H. Terpstra

Samba Team

`<jht@samba.org>`

### Karl Auer

Samba Team

`<kauer@biplane.com.au>`

### Dan Shearer

Samba Team

`<dan@samba.org>`

## Obtaining and Installing Samba

Binary packages of Samba are included in almost any Linux or UNIX distribution. There are also some packages available at the Samba home-page. Refer to the manual of your operating system for details on installing packages for your specific operating system.

If you need to compile Samba from source, check How to compile Samba chapter.

## Configuring Samba (smb.conf)

Samba's configuration is stored in the `smb.conf` file, which usually resides in `/etc/samba/smb.conf` or `/usr/local/samba/lib/smb.conf`. You can either edit this file yourself or do it using one of the many graphical tools that are available, such as the Web-based interface SWAT, that is included with Samba.

### Configuration file syntax

The `smb.conf` file uses the same syntax as the various old .ini files in Windows 3.1: Each file consists of various sections, which are started by putting the section name between brackets ([]) on a new line. Each contains zero or more key/value-pairs separated by an equality sign (=). The file is just a plain-text file, so you can open and edit it with your favorite editing tool.

Each section in the `smb.conf` file represents a share on the Samba server. The section “global” is special, since it contains settings that apply to the whole Samba server and not to one share in particular.

Following example contains a very minimal `smb.conf`.

Example 2.1. A minimal smb.conf

`[global]`
`workgroup = WKG`
`netbios name = MYNAME`
`[share1]`
`path = /tmp`
`[share2]`
`path = /my_shared_folder`
`comment = Some random files`

### Starting Samba

Samba essentially consists of two or three daemons. A daemon is a UNIX application that runs in the background and provides services. An example of a service is the Apache Web server for which the daemon is called httpd. In the case of Samba there are three daemons, two of which are needed as a minimum.

The Samba server is made up of the following daemons:

nmbd

  This daemon handles all name registration and resolution requests. It is the primary vehicle involved in network browsing. It handles all UDP based protocols. The nmbd daemon should be the first command started as part of the Samba start-up process.

smbd

  This daemon handles all TCP/IP based connection services for file and print based operations. It also manages local authentication. It should be started immediately following the start-up of nmbd.

winbindd

  This daemon should be started when Samba is a member of a Windows NT4 or ADS Domain. It is also needed when Samba has trust relationships with another Domain. The winbindd daemon will check the `smb.conf` file for the presence of the `idmap uid` and `idmap gid` parameters. If they are not found winbindd will bail-out and refuse to start.

When Samba has been packages by an operating system vendor the start-up process is typically a custom feature of its integration into the platform as a whole. Please refer to your operating system platform administration manuals for specific information pertaining to correct management of Samba start-up.

### Example Configuration

There are sample configuration files in the examples subdirectory in the distribution. It is suggested you read them carefully so you can see how the options go together in practice. See the man page for all the options. It might be worthwhile to start out with the smb.conf.default configuration file and adapt it to your needs. It contains plenty of comments.

The simplest useful configuration file would contain something like shown in the next example.

Example 2.2. Another simple smb.conf File

`[global]`
`workgroup = MIDEARTH`
`[homes]`
`guest ok = no`
`read only = no`

This will allow connections by anyone with an account on the server, using either their login name or `homes` as the service name. (Note: The workgroup that Samba should appear in must also be set. The default workgroup name is WORKGROUP.)

Make sure you put the `smb.conf` file in the correct place.

For more information about security settings for the `[homes]` share please refer to Securing Samba chapter.

#### Test Your Config File with testparm

It's important to validate the contents of the `smb.conf` file using the testparm program. If testparm runs correctly, it will list the loaded services. If not, it will give an error message. Make sure it runs correctly and that the services look reasonable before proceeding. Enter the command:

    	root#  testparm /etc/samba/smb.conf

Testparm will parse your configuration file and report any unknown parameters or incorrect syntax.

Always run testparm again whenever the `smb.conf` file is changed!

### SWAT

SWAT is a Web-based interface that can be used to facilitate the configuration of Samba. SWAT might not be available in the Samba package that shipped with your platform, but in a separate package. Please read the SWAT man page on compiling, installing and configuring SWAT from source.

To launch SWAT, just run your favorite Web browser and point it to http://localhost:901/. Replace `localhost` with the name of the computer on which Samba is running if that is a different computer than your browser.

SWAT can be used from a browser on any IP-connected machine, but be aware that connecting from a remote machine leaves your connection open to password sniffing as passwords will be sent over the wire in the clear.

More information about SWAT can be found in corresponding chapter.

## List Shares Available on the Server

To list shares that are available from the configured Samba server execute the following command:

    $ smbclient -L yourhostname

You should see a list of shares available on your server. If you do not, then something is incorrectly configured. This method can also be used to see what shares are available on other SMB servers, such as Windows 2000.

If you choose user-level security you may find that Samba requests a password before it will list the shares. See the smbclient man page for details. You can force it to list the shares without a password by adding the option `-N` to the command line.

## Connect with a UNIX Client

Enter the following command:

    $ smbclient  //yourhostname/aservice

Typically `yourhostname` is the name of the host on which smbd has been installed. The `aservice` is any service that has been defined in the `smb.conf` file. Try your user name if you just have a `[homes]` section in the `smb.conf` file.

Example: If the UNIX host is called `bambi` and a valid login name is `fred`, you would type:

    $ smbclient //bambi/fred

## Connect from a Remote SMB Client

Now that Samba is working correctly locally, you can try to access it from other clients. Within a few minutes, the Samba host should be listed in the Network Neighborhood on all Windows clients of its subnet. Try browsing the server from another client or 'mounting' it.

Mounting disks from a DOS, Windows or OS/2 client can be done by running a command such as:

    C:\> net use d: \\servername\service

Try printing, e.g.

    C:\> net use lpt1:	\\servername\spoolservice

    C:\> print filename

## What If Things Don't Work?

You might want to read The Samba Checklist. If you are still stuck, refer to Analyzing and Solving Samba Problems chapter. Samba has been successfully installed at thousands of sites worldwide. It is unlikely that your particular problem is unique, so it might be productive to perform an Internet search to see if someone else has encountered your problem and has found a way to overcome it.

## Common Errors

The following questions and issues are raised repeatedly on the Samba mailing list.

### Large Number of smbd Processes

Samba consists of three core programs: nmbd, smbd, and winbindd. nmbd is the name server message daemon, smbd is the server message daemon, and winbindd is the daemon that handles communication with Domain Controllers.

If Samba is not running as a WINS server, then there will be one single instance of nmbd running on your system. If it is running as a WINS server then there will be two instances one to handle the WINS requests.

smbd handles all connection requests. It spawns a new process for each client connection made. That is why you may see so many of them, one per client connection.

winbindd will run as one or two daemons, depending on whether or not it is being run in split mode (in which case there will be two instances).

### Error Message: open_oplock_ipc

An error message is observed in the log files when smbd is started: “open_oplock_ipc: Failed to get local UDP socket for address 100007f. Error was Cannot assign requested.”

Your loopback device isn't working correctly. Make sure it is configured correctly. The loopback device is an internal (virtual) network device with the IP address 127.0.0.1. Read your OS documentation for details on how to configure the loopback on your system.

### “The network name cannot be found”

This error can be caused by one of these mis-configurations:

- You specified an non-existing path for the share in `smb.conf`.

- The user you are trying to access the share with does not have sufficient permissions to access the path for the share. Both read (r) and access (x) should be possible.

- The share you are trying to access does not exist.

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