Chapter 4. Programming with Cygwin
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## Chapter 4. Programming with Cygwin

## Using GCC with Cygwin

### Console Mode Applications

Use gcc to compile, just like under UNIX. Refer to the GCC User's Guide for information on standard usage and options. Here's a simple example:

Example 4.1. Building Hello World with GCC

    C:\> gcc hello.c -o hello.exe
    C:\> hello.exe
    Hello, World

    C:\>

### GUI Mode Applications

Cygwin allows you to build programs with full access to the standard Windows 32-bit API, including the GUI functions as defined in any Microsoft or off-the-shelf publication. However, the process of building those applications is slightly different, as you'll be using the GNU tools instead of the Microsoft tools.

For the most part, your sources won't need to change at all. However, you should remove all __export attributes from functions and replace them like this:

    int foo (int) __attribute__ ((__dllexport__));

    int
    foo (int i)

The Makefile is similar to any other UNIX-like Makefile, and like any other Cygwin makefile. The only difference is that you use gcc -mwindows to link your program into a GUI application instead of a command-line application. Here's an example:

    myapp.exe : myapp.o myapp.res
    	gcc -mwindows myapp.o myapp.res -o $@

    myapp.res : myapp.rc resource.h
    	windres $< -O coff -o $@

Note the use of `windres` to compile the Windows resources into a COFF-format `.res` file. That will include all the bitmaps, icons, and other resources you need, into one handy object file. Normally, if you omitted the "-O coff" it would create a Windows `.res` format file, but we can only link COFF objects. So, we tell `windres` to produce a COFF object, but for compatibility with the many examples that assume your linker can handle Windows resource files directly, we maintain the `.res` naming convention. For more information on `windres`, consult the Binutils manual.

The following is a simple GUI-mode "Hello, World!" program to help get you started:

    /*-------------------------------------------------*/
    /* hellogui.c - gui hello world                    */
    /* build: gcc -mwindows hellogui.c -o hellogui.exe */
    /*-------------------------------------------------*/
    #include <windows.h>

    char glpszText[1024];

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

    int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    		HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    		LPSTR lpCmdLine,
    		int nCmdShow)
    {
    	sprintf(glpszText,
    		"Hello World\nGetCommandLine(): [%s]\n"
    		"WinMain lpCmdLine: [%s]\n",
    		lpCmdLine, GetCommandLine() );

    	WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    	wcex.cbSize = sizeof(wcex);
    	wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    	wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    	wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
    	wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
    	wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
    	wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    	wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    	wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    	wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    	wcex.lpszClassName = "HELLO";
    	wcex.hIconSm = NULL;

    	if (!RegisterClassEx(&wcex))
    		return FALSE;

    	HWND hWnd;
    	hWnd = CreateWindow("HELLO", "Hello", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
    		CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    	if (!hWnd)
    		return FALSE;

    	ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
    	UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    	MSG msg;
    	while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    	{
    		TranslateMessage(&msg);
    		DispatchMessage(&msg);
    	}

    	return msg.wParam;
    }

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
    	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    	HDC hdc;

    	switch (message)
    	{
    		case WM_PAINT:
    			hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    			RECT rt;
    			GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt);
    			DrawText(hdc, glpszText, strlen(glpszText), &rt, DT_TOP | DT_LEFT);
    			EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
    			break;
    		case WM_DESTROY:
    			PostQuitMessage(0);
    			break;
    		default:
    			return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    	}
    	return 0;
    }

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