{{Header}}
{{Title|title=
Virtual Hard Disk Size Increase
}}
{{#seo:
|description=Get more disk space. Increase the size of a virtual disk. Expand virtual machine storage capacity. Possible with Qubes, {{q_project_name_long}}, {{project_name_long}} KVM, and {{project_name_long}} VirtualBox.
|image=Blocks-968874640.jpg
}}
[[File:Blocks-968874640.jpg|thumb]]
<div class="mininav">
* [[Grow_Virtual_Harddisk|Virtual Hard Disk Size Increase]]
* [[Shrink_Virtual_Harddisk|Shrink Virtual Hard Disk Size]]
</div>
{{intro|
Get more disk space. Increase the size of a virtual disk. Expand virtual machine storage capacity. Possible with Qubes, {{q_project_name_short}}, {{project_name_short}} KVM, and {{project_name_short}} VirtualBox.
}}
= Overview =
<u>Note:</u> When you increase the size of a virtual disk on the host, the additional space will not necessarily become available automatically inside the {{VM}}. Claiming the new space is required.

In summary, the following steps are required to grow the disk.

{{IconSet|h1|1}} Back up important data.

{{IconSet|h1|2}} On the host {{os}}: Increase the size of the virtual disk.

{{IconSet|h1|3}} Restart the virtual machine.

{{IconSet|h1|4}} Inside the {{VM}}: At the [[grub]] boot menu, make a temporary kernel boot parameter change by setting <code>bdev_allow_write_mounted=1</code> to allow claiming the new space.

Elaborated below.

{{IconSet|h1|5}} Inside the VM: Claim the new space.

{{IconSet|h1|6}} Inside the VM: Reboot.

{{IconSet|h1|7}} Done.

= Virtual Machines =
If more disk space is required for virtual hard disks, the good news is that this is simple for {{project_name_short}} VMs. Nothing special is required, because it is just another VM image. Any suggestions found for your virtualizer will similarly work for {{project_name_short}}. [[Self_Support_First_Policy|Self Support First Policy]] applies.

{{IconSet|h1|1}} Back up important data.

Either move important files via shared folders <ref>
* [[VirtualBox/Guest_Additions#Shared_Folder|VirtualBox: Shared Folder]]
* [[KVM#Shared_Folders|KVM: shared folders]]
</ref> or make a full clone of VMs in each snapshot state in case something goes wrong.

{{IconSet|h1|2}} Select your virtualizer.

{{Tab
|type=controller
|linkid=virtualizer-choice-grow
|content=
{{Tab
|title= == VirtualBox ==
|image=[[File:Virtualbox_logo.png|25px]]
|addToClass=info-box
|active=false
|content=
{{IconSet|h1|3}} <u>On the host:</u>

{{IconSet|h1|4}} Make a clone of all states of any existing virtual machine in case something goes wrong.

{{IconSet|h1|5}} Delete all existing VM snapshots.

{{IconSet|h1|6}} Grow the disk.

<u>Either,</u>

* {{IconSet|h3|A}} Using the VirtualBox {{gui}}:

<code>VirtualBox</code> &rarr; <code>File</code> &rarr; <code>Tools</code> &rarr; <code>Virtual Media Manager</code> &rarr; <code>select virtual hard disk</code> &rarr; <code>adjust the size slider</code>

<u>or,</u>

* {{IconSet|h3|B}} Using the {{cli}}. See footnote. <ref>
Find the folder of the virtual hard disk.

Run the following command. Notes:

* Adjust the filename of the virtual hard disk.
* Adjust <code>100000</code> to, for example, <code>200000</code>.

{{CodeSelect|code=
VBoxManage modifyhd "{{project_name_workstation_short}}-disk1.vdi" --resize 100000
}}
</ref>

{{IconSet|h1|7}} <u>During VM boot:</u>

{{IconSet|h1|8}} Restart the virtual machine and stop at the [[grub]] boot menu.

{{IconSet|h1|9}} At the boot menu, boot into [[Persistent Mode|persistent mode]] - [[sysmaint]] session and make a [[Grub#Temporary_Kernel_Boot_Parameter_Change|Temporary Kernel Boot Parameter Change]] by changing <code>bdev_allow_write_mounted=0</code> to <code>bdev_allow_write_mounted=1</code> for this boot only. <ref>
Alternatively, advanced users can make [[Grub#Permanent_Configuration_Changes|Permanent Configuration Changes]]. This is more complicated.
</ref>

{{IconSet|h1|10}} <u>Inside the VM:</u>

{{IconSet|h1|11}} [[Grub#Inspect_Kernel_Command_Line|Inspect Kernel Command Line]].

Optional. For verification of kernel boot parameter change.

{{CodeSelect|code=
cat /proc/cmdline {{!}} grep --color bdev_allow_write_mounted
}}

Expected output:

<pre>
bdev_allow_write_mounted=1
</pre>

{{IconSet|h1|12}} Version-specific notice.

* [[Systemcheck#Build_Version|Build Version]] <code>17.4.0.5</code> and above: No special notice.
* Older build versions: See footnote. <ref>

{{IconSet|h2|1}} Install a partitioning tool.

<u>Note:</u> No longer required for [[Systemcheck#Build_Version|Build Version]] <code>17.3.9.2</code> and above.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Build version <code>17.3.9.2</code> and below, please press Expand on the right.
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Install a tool such as <code>gparted</code> that can grow the filesystem.

{{Install_Package|package=
gparted
}}

Start the partitioning tool.

Start a terminal.

{{CodeSelect|code=
lxsudo gparted
}}

Claim the new space.

* Increase the size of the filesystem.
* The user probably does not wish to create a new partition. Instead, the existing partition should be expanded.
</div>
</div>

{{IconSet|h2|2}} Fix the partition type code.

<u>Note:</u> No longer required for build version <code>17.4.0.4</code> and above.

<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed">
Build version <code>17.4.0.4</code> and below, please press Expand on the right.
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
This is a fix for [https://forums.whonix.org/t/failed-to-start-systemd-repart-service-repartition-root-disk/21640 Failed to start systemd-repart.service - Repartition Root Disk].

{{CodeSelect|code=
sudo sgdisk --typecode='3:4F68BCE3-E8CD-4DB1-96E7-FBCAF984B709' /dev/sda
}}
</div>
</div>
</ref>

{{IconSet|h1|13}} Reboot.

{{IconSet|h1|14}} Done.

The procedure is complete.

}} <!-- close tab: VirtualBox -->

{{Tab
|title= == KVM ==
|image=[[File:Kvm-new-logo.png|25px]]
|addToClass=info-box
|active=false
|content=
{{IconSet|h1|3}} <u>On the host:</u>

{{IconSet|h1|4}} Delete all existing snapshots.

{{IconSet|h1|5}} Increase the disk size.

<code>1G</code> below should be replaced with the amount of disk space to be added in gigabytes.

{{CodeSelect|code=
qemu-img resize vmdisk.img +1G
}}

{{IconSet|h1|6}} <u>During VM boot:</u>

{{IconSet|h1|7}} Restart the virtual machine and stop at the [[grub]] boot menu.

{{IconSet|h1|8}} At the boot menu, boot into [[Persistent Mode|persistent mode]] - [[sysmaint]] session and make a [[Grub#Temporary_Kernel_Boot_Parameter_Change|Temporary Kernel Boot Parameter Change]] by changing <code>bdev_allow_write_mounted=0</code> to <code>bdev_allow_write_mounted=1</code> for this boot only. <ref>
Alternatively, advanced users can make [[Grub#Permanent_Configuration_Changes|Permanent Configuration Changes]]. This is more complicated.
</ref>

{{IconSet|h1|9}} <u>Inside the VM:</u>

{{IconSet|h1|10}} [[Grub#Inspect_Kernel_Command_Line|Inspect Kernel Command Line]].

Optional. For verification of kernel boot parameter change.

{{CodeSelect|code=
cat /proc/cmdline {{!}} grep --color bdev_allow_write_mounted
}}

Expected output:

<pre>
bdev_allow_write_mounted=1
</pre>

{{IconSet|h1|11}} Follow the same version-specific instructions as in the VirtualBox section to claim the new space.

{{IconSet|h1|12}} Reboot.

{{IconSet|h1|13}} Done.

The procedure is complete.

}} <!-- close tab: KVM -->

{{Tab
|title= == Qubes ==
|image=[[File:Qubes-logo-blue.png|25px]]
|addToClass=info-box
|active=false
|content=
{{IconSet|h1|3}} Refer to the [https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/resize-disk-image/ Resizing Disk Image] Qubes OS user documentation.

{{IconSet|h1|4}} Done.
}} <!-- close tab: Qubes -->

}} <!-- close tab controller: virtualizer-choice-grow -->

= Build from Source Code =

Refer to [[Dev/Build_Documentation|Build {{project_name_short}} from Source Code]] and use this command line parameter:

{{CodeSelect|code=
--vmsize 200G
}}

= See Also =
* [[Shrink_Virtual_Harddisk|Shrink Virtual Hard Disk Size]]

= Footnotes =
{{reflist|close=1}}

{{Footer}}

[[Category:Documentation]]